GASTRONAUT CLINIC - DR RAAJEEV HINGORANI

Lactose intolerance occurs when the body lacks the enzyme needed to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. After consuming dairy, patients may experience bloating, gas, diarrhea, or abdominal discomfort. These symptoms occur because undigested lactose ferments in the gut. This condition is common and varies in severity. Some people tolerate small amounts of dairy, while others need to avoid it completely. Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms and dietary response. Lactose-free products and enzyme supplements can help manage the condition. It is important to ensure adequate calcium intake through alternative sources. Understanding your body’s tolerance helps maintain both comfort and nutri tion.

Gastroenteritis, commonly known as a stomach infection, is usually caused by viruses, bacteria, or contaminated food and water. It leads to diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and sometimes fever. Most cases are self-limiting and resolve within a few days, but dehydration can become a serious concern, especially in children and elderly patients. Maintaining hydration is the most important part of treatment. Oral rehydration solutions, light diet, and rest help recovery. In some cases, medications may be required. Good hygiene, safe drinking water, and proper food handling significantly reduce the risk. If symptoms are severe, prolonged, or associated with blood in stool, medical consultation is necessary.

Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition where the body reacts abnormally to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. This reaction damages the lining of the small intestine and affects nutrient absorption. Patients may experience diarrhea, bloating, weight loss, fatigue, anemia, or even skin problems. Some individuals may have very mild or no symptoms, making diagnosis difficult. Untreated celiac disease can lead to malnutrition, bone weakness, infertility, and increased risk of other autoimmune disorders. Diagnosis involves blood tests and confirmation through intestinal biopsy. The only effective treatment is a strict lifelong gluten-free diet. Even small amounts of gluten can trigger damage. With proper dietary management, most patients recover completely and lead a healthy life.

An anal fissure is a small tear in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing hard stools. It leads to sharp pain during and after bowel movements, sometimes accompanied by bleeding. Many patients describe the pain as severe and long-lasting, which can make them avoid using the toilet, worsening constipation and creating a cycle. The main cause is chronic constipation, but diarrhea, childbirth, and trauma can also contribute. Treatment focuses on softening stools and allowing the fissure to heal. High-fiber diet, hydration, and medications help in most cases. Warm sitz baths provide relief and promote healing. If the fissure becomes chronic, minor surgical procedures may be needed. Timely treatment prevents long-term discomfort and improves quality of life.

Hemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, are swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus. They are extremely common and often associated with chronic constipation and straining during bowel movements. Patients may experience pain, itching, swelling, or bleeding during passing stool. Many people feel embarrassed discussing this condition, which delays treatment. Piles are mainly caused by increased pressure in the lower rectum. Factors such as low-fiber diet, prolonged sitting, obesity, pregnancy, and lack of physical activity contribute to the condition. In early stages, lifestyle changes like increasing fiber intake, drinking adequate water, and avoiding straining can provide relief. Medications may help reduce symptoms. In more advanced cases, procedures like banding, laser therapy, or surgery may be required. Ignoring piles can worsen symptoms and lead to complications. Early treatment ensures faster recovery and com fort.

Cirrhosis is a condition where normal liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue, affecting the liver’s ability to function properly. It develops slowly over years due to continuous damage. Common causes include chronic alcohol use, hepatitis infections, fatty liver disease, and certain metabolic conditions. In early stages, patients may not notice symptoms. As the disease progresses, signs such as swelling in legs, abdominal fluid (ascites), jaundice, and weakness may appear. Cirrhosis also increases the risk of serious complications like internal bleeding, infections, and liver cancer. Although the damage caused by cirrhosis is not fully reversible, early diagnosis can slow its progression. Treatment focuses on managing the cause, preventing complications, and improving quality of life. Avoiding alcohol, maintaining a healthy diet, and regular medical follow-up are essential. In advanced cases, liver transplantation may be required. Cirrhosis is preventable in many cases with timely car...

Hepatitis B and C are viral infections that affect the liver and can lead to long-term complications if left untreated. Many people live with these infections for years without symptoms, which makes early detection extremely important. These viruses spread through infected blood and body fluids. Common routes include unsafe injections, unprotected sexual contact, blood transfusions (especially in the past), and from mother to child during birth. In early stages, patients may feel fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, or mild abdominal discomfort. However, most cases remain silent until liver damage progresses. Over time, chronic infection can lead to liver cirrhosis or even liver cancer. Diagnosis is done through simple blood tests. Hepatitis B can be controlled with long-term monitoring and medication when needed, while Hepatitis C is now curable in most cases with advanced antiviral treatments. Vaccination is available for Hepatitis B and is strongly recommended. Safe medical practices ...